Paris, the capital of France has been inhabited since the beginning of 3rd Century BC along the banks of river Seine. It started as the hub of trading center which eventually led to its growth as a metropolis.  
By mid-18th Century, it became densely populated with a cityscape that had not changed since the middle ages. Napoleon III hired Hausmann for one of the largest urban transformations. Consequently, he built the first transport network encircling Paris, transforming it from a medieval town to an industrial center of 19th Century. 
This railway network, known as Petite Ceinture, initially made for transporting goods, functioned for over 70 years (1862 to 1934), making a tremendous impact on the development of industry during this course. During the overlap of a better urban transportation network, the existing railway line Petite Ceinture encircling the city became defunct as people opted for a faster option. and by the year 1934 it was officially shut. It turned the railway line space and stations into urban voids.